In 2015 China had an estimated 150 million single-child families with an estimated two-thirds of those thought to be a direct result of the policy. The law restricts urban couples to having only one child. There are about 113 boys born in China for every 100 girls. For families who violated the one-child policy, there were sanctions: fines, wage cuts, employment termination, and difficulty in obtaining governmental assistance. The one-child policy did not apply to everyone in China. China, now a nation of more than 1.3 billion people, instituted a policy of one child per couple to control population growth in the 1970s. He holds an M.A. A look at China's unique population control measures - the one-child policy. When this policy was first introduced, 6.1 million families that had already given birth to a child were given the "One Child Honorary Certificates". By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, People's Republic of China Facts and History, The Geography and Modern History of China, Predicting the 20 Most Populous Countries in 2050, Top 25 Most Populous Countries in the World, Women's Roles After the Revolutions in China and Iran, M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis. Over time, the gap widened between the number of males and females and, as those children came of age, it led to a situation in which there were fewer females available for marriage. A voluntary program introduced in 1978 encouraged families to have only one or two children. The one-child policy was introduced in 1979. China's sex ratio at birth is more imbalanced than the global average. “China should have stopped the policy 28 years … crucial facts you should know about the change to China’s one-child policy number 10 what is the one-child policy the one-child policy was first introduced in China between 1978 and 1980 by then leader Deng Xiaoping announced as the Chinese populace rose toward 1 billion people it was a scheme designed to halt population growth with unofficial Facts about China’s One Child Policy 9: the controversial policy. Corrections? The Chinese government claims that this policy prevented more than 400 million births. In China the fertility rate and the birth rate both decreased after 1980; the Chinese government estimated that some 400 million births had been prevented. Because sons were generally favoured over daughters, the sex ratio in China became skewed toward men, and there was a rise in the number of abortions of female fetuses along with an increase in the number of female babies killed or placed in orphanages. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. It was enforced at the provincial level and enforcement varied; some provinces had more relaxed restrictions. It said that: Couples must not marry until their late 20s. In 2007, China imposed new restrictions on foreign adoptions, barring applicants who are unmarried, over 50, obese, or who take certain medications. Ken Pletcher was Senior Editor, Geography and History for Encyclopædia Britannica. Beginning in early 2016, all families would be allowed to have two children. Birth control and family planning had been promoted from 1949. It was in place until January 1, 2016. When the one-child policy was adopted in 1979, China's population was about 972 million people. China was expected to achieve zero population growth by 2000, but it actually achieved that seven years earlier.Â. China's one-child rule was created in 1979 by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping to temporarily limit communist China's population growth. The people who do not support it state that it abuses the human rights. It did not apply to ethnic minorities throughout the country. This is what was happening in China until when in 1980 the one-child policy came into existence in China. 51 - YouTube A third consequence was instances in which the births of subsequent children after the first went unreported or were hidden from authorities. https://www.britannica.com/topic/one-child-policy, National Center for Biotechnology Information - Pub Med Central - China's one child policy, Institute of Economic Affairs - China's One-Child Policy: Some Unintended Consequences, Women's Rights Without Frontiers - The One Cgild-Policy Has Not Been Relaxed, The Effects of China’s One-Child Policy. China's One Child Policy is the country's official attempt at population control. Mao had thought that a bigger population resulted in a stronger country, but of course they faced a lot more problems. It was announced in late 2015 that the program was to end in early 2016. Sporadic efforts were made to modify the one-child policy. China’s one child policy was a population planning policy that was introduced in 1979. China had gone above carrying capacity and there was not enough resources for everyone. The one child policy was part of the birth planning program implemented by China in the 1970s to control the size of its national population. Updates? In 1979 demand grew for making the limit one child per family. On September 25, 1980, a public letter—published by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to the party membership—called upon all to adhere to the one-child policy, and that date has often been cited as the policy’s “official” start date. Han Chinese represented more than 91 percent of the Chinese population. For families who observed the one-child rule, there were rewards: higher wages, better schooling and employment, and preferential treatment in obtaining governmental assistance (such as health care) and loans. When China made this policy law in 1979, its intent was to curb the growth of its population, which was getting too … For more than 35 years, China's one-child policy limited the country's population growth. Government, the political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated....…, China, country of East Asia. The claim by Chinese officials that the one child policy has helped avert 400 million births simply cannot be substantiated by facts. China’s One Child Policy was an attempt by the central government to stem the effects of its rapidly aging population and inject young workers into the workforce. Those gains were offset to some degree by a similar drop in the death rate and a rise in life expectancy, but China’s overall rate of natural increase declined. Although some enforcement methods were mild, such as providing contraceptives and offering incentives for compliance, millions of Chinese had to endure stricter methods, such as forced sterilizations and forced abortions. Also, if neither you nor your partner had any siblings, you were allowed to have two children. Facts on the death penalty. (An offshoot of the preference for male children was that tens of thousands of Chinese girls were adopted by families in the United States and other countries.) Families also became lopsided, with … Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ", ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. China’s one-child policy, officially rolled out in September 1980, ended in 2016. China One Child Policy Facts From geography.about.com - August 29, 2012 11:08 PM. One-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early ’80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. However, that stricter requirement was then applied unevenly across the country among the provinces, and by 1980 the central government sought to standardize the one-child policy nationwide. After coming to the realization that the policy had harmful unintended consequences, such as a persistent gender imbalance (because of the traditional preference of having sons), a shrinking workforce, and an aging society, in late 2015 the Chinese government announced that the one-child limit was being discontinued. It was taken as a temporary measure by the Chinese government to counter the population explode. Ten essential facts about China's One Child Policy, from the About.com expert Geography GuideSite. 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